How much? - The slave trade in the Third Millennium If the events that led last Sunday's more or less one million people in the streets had not been exploited in anti-Berlusconi and if, at the same time, we shifted the target of anger to the individual (Rubi, Nicole Minetti, etc etc) whose sole purpose seems to (be) be to transform "the dignity of women
call" a distinction in women's "respectable" women "for evil" (As intended by the "notables organizer") probably would not have wasted a unique opportunity to focus the lens on that part of the prostitution phenomenon that is almost never the front pages of trafficking, which continues regardless of the acquaintances of Arcore which will continue in complete silence, even after this event (the effects of which "insurgents", however, are still to be proved).
To begin this story, to go and watch what happens in the shadow of "Arcore's Angels" and we have to move back in time.
In 1967, Pattaya is a small fishing village more or less 150 km from Bangkok, the capital of Thailand. It is a small fishing village consisting of a hundred families, and no concrete construction.
But the little fishing village, and no concrete construction, in that 1967, an immense fortune (if "lucky" one can speak ...), because in those years in Asia we are Americans. And you know, the Americans bring money, and Thailand is literally covered with them: in fact created programs called "Rest and Recreation" useful to help relax the military engaged in long wars of position in areas such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos .
The U.S. government (through its military leaders on the ground) and the Thai government agreed to a significant number of investments in the tourism sector - that is, investment in relaxation of U.S. troops - in the first year that led to a turnover of $ 5 million. Figure is not certain the extent of the Thai economy alone (even less so would be the 20 million recorded in 1970, just two years after the program).
But as Naomi Klein shows us in his book "Shock Economy", when Americans invest - like all countries ii-colonial capital - are proposals that we can not refuse. And the "proposal", in the case of Thailand, provided the most complete impunity for soldiers during the periods of residence in country and, more importantly, for the traffic more or less lawyers who put the money.
the shadow of the tourism industry it came another, parallel,
of sex tourism. Behind the screen of massage centers, in fact, sprang up in brothels where girls taken in most cases by force or coercion by the country's poorest villages were literally put on display. The "clients" came, chose, provide the number of girls selected (which could be read on the shoulder of the bikini), paid and consumed. The sense of rebellion
delle ragazze era ridotto al minimo, in quanto spesso non parlavano la stessa lingua degli avventori e, venendo dalle zone più povere e rurali della Thailandia spesso conoscevano solo il loro dialetto, quindi anche esprimersi in thailandese costituiva per loro una enorme difficoltà. Vetrine, numerini e distruzione dell'individualità delle ragazze: la trasformazione in “carne da bordello” era completata.
Le regole del libero mercato – quel mantra che gli americani distribuiscono insieme a guerre e scontri civili – però, ci insegnano un'altra cosa: per essere competitiva un'azienda deve diversificare la propria offerta, e dunque da esclusiva “economia di guerra”, il mercato del sesso in Thailandia soon became a "global" market, also open to those uniforms had never worn.
According to UNICEF every year one million women fall in the trafficking of human beings for sexual exploitation. Of these about 35% have not yet reached the age of majority. Figures that appear in reality only partial when compared to non-governmental organizations that work specifically in this area, for which women would be at least twice each year enter the circuit of illegal immigration for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
Most of them are "initiated" through forms of prostitution purse based on the promise of a better life in countries considered rich or with the help of cultural practices of a religious nature (such as ju-ju in Nigeria).
control of the prostitution market is a major revenue for the Italian organized crime and even the global economic crisis seems to have recorded at least a basic flessione.Tra the 50 000 and 70 thousand (94% women, 20% age) people who now entered the Italian circuit of prostitution. The extra
women each year become part of the circuit prostitution account for about half of the total market. Many of them - subject to the status of illegal immigrants - are being punished for this crime before which may have the time to report (and when this happens not always follow the arrests on complaints of those who manage the market) makes them victims twice: the exploiters and the blind repression by the police, who often use the raids to come in the "minimum quotas" for arrests / deportations necessary to maintain the "minimum standards" of efficiency required by law.
It is easy to see how the prosecution - in fact going to hit only the victims (and only one of these, ie those forced to the curb) - is nothing but a tool to soothe the soul palliative respectable public . Just as easily as you can imagine the debate on the resumption or less of the so-called "closed houses" (Merlin Law No. 75 of 1958) so give greater protection, but the exploiters who understood as part of the market preferred by the public is the most visible. It is in this light that is moved - among many - even the main criticism of the bill presented by the Minister for Equal Opportunities Mara Carfagna: affect almost exclusively to the phenomenon of street prostitution (ie the form, as mentioned earlier, more visible and therefore more "expendable" in electoral terms) and railing against the phenomenon in its entirety those pulling the strings of the prostitution market will have an easy time in reorganizing the same indoors and, obviously, much more difficult to control for both the authorities and to organizations that combat trafficking.
Besides the double standards of the Italian public is very special and delicate question: who commit crimes as well, provided they are not visible to the naked eye (and the case would require discussion about him) seems to be the only true religion that unites a bit 'all. But that's another story ...
A recent (August 2010) survey carried out Codacons telephone interviews with 1,500 listings and 230 calls to escort and massage centers focused on Milan, Rome and Naples, emerges not only as the economic crisis has in fact opened again to the "low cost
" Chinese (with the complete disappearance of the offer required by homosexual and transsexual prostitution instead have their own space in the online market) but also as the sex has entered the era of "2.0" with the increasing use of new technologies (broadband connections, web-cam etc ...).
But how much, today, sexual performance pay in our country (more than ever topical subject right now)?
According to what emerges from Codacons always a market exists for any budget (and, as we know from the newspapers, for every "need"), ranging from 30/40 € for half an hour of time to spend in a massage with a girl in the Far East or in the car with a girl from Eastern Europe to more or less equivalent figures to a full salary at the specific request of customers and the "higher authority" of the girl. In all cases, however, the pimps earn from any "protected" between 5000 and 7000 euro per month for a turnover (monthly) that in the only beautiful country is around 90 million €.
rates of the alleged massage centers, should be increased by 50% so you have three quarters of an hour and 100% in order to qualche "giochino', previo accordo, con la ragazza. Per portarsi a casa una delle ragazze ancora in strada si deve pagare il doppio del prezzo e obbligatoriamente riaccompagnarla sul posto di lavoro una volta finita la prestazione. Ma è quando si decide di varcare la soglia di un appartamento di un'italiana, o di una sudamericana, che si deve mettere in conto il rischio di spendere quasi un intero stipendio. Infatti, in queste alcove d'amore - che se si è fortunati possano anche vagamente ricordare il set di un film pornografico - tutto ciò che va oltre una normale prestazione sessuale sul letto fa lievitare la tariffe: 20% in più per consumare la prestazione in un posto della casa insolito e scomodo per chi vi ospita, 30% per fare la doccia in sua compagnia, 50% per la seconda prestazione (e 25% per le successive), 100% per ogni "giochino' fino a 500 euro per l'intera notte, previo accordo numero fisso di atti sessuali.
Già, i clienti. Anche qui si registrano numeri esorbitanti: nonostante velleità moraliste e finto-cattoliche, infatti, sono circa 9 milioni i clienti del mercato del sesso, di cui l'80% chiede rapporti non protetti (richiesta esaudita nel 45% dei casi). Peraltro è quasi impossibile delineare il profilo del “cliente medio”, perché la forbice anagrafica prevede un arco 16-80 anni. Si sa, però, che circa il 70% di loro ha moglie e figli e che tra le motivazioni principali ci sono il senso di solitudine and the difficulty in establishing relationships with the opposite sex.
If we wanted to represent the phenomenon of prostitution in the context of migration to our country the largest flow (48%) would be from Eastern Europe, followed by Africa (22%) the internal trafficking (16%) and Latin America (10%) although, as we saw earlier, the market entry of Chinese girls has actually changed the balance in the field.
- The almond-eyed business  |
| Source: Earthquakes, Sisde |
Analyzing in more detail we have to start from this new market, managed with the same mix between capitalism and communism that makes
China the principal opponent of Western capitalism (and America in particular ). Consider that in Rome - where business revolved around the night "Diamond" in the district Casilino - the Chinese who run this bad traffic was even equipped with a call center and a "responsible finding apartments" (between 35 and 50 units according to a statement by the Deputy Commissioner of the Roman squad Mario Belfiore): Guan Whenzu called. But, of course, the name does not match anyone. The marketing of sex almond-eyed also included an official slogan used to advertise local girls.
Prices "popular" and identify the target detail are the watchwords of the offer Chinese, managed - within the larger human trafficking - from the national Chinese mafia, but they "outsource" the administration of girls just come to bands that are not always linked to the Mafia families: in Tuscany, for example, the business is run by youth gangs.
As was the case for Thailand in the late '70s, even the pimps Chinese endeavor the lever to make it less offensive language girls, men in fact come from the eastern province of Zhejiang, while girls are taken mostly from the northeastern province of Liaoning, from Yunnan (southwest) from Sichuan or Guizhou . "Cash" when usually do not have yet reached twenty years of age contracted a real debt of a monetary nature with its exploitative, given that the girls, coming mostly from poor families can not pay for the trip to the Europe '. The amount you will pay is between 30 000 and 40 000 euro, compared to € 100-150 per day they can earn prostitution. We understand that signing an agreement this is, in fact, give their lives to the exploiters, whose turnover - however - is about a thousand euro per day.
is a strong diversification of the Chinese market, it said. Chinese girls, in fact, add in Thailand, Burma and Vietnam - countries often used as a "school" for a subsequent landing in the western market - which, lately, are also added girls from Ukraine and Russia. Some end up in countries such as Malaysia or Thailand or are the same for the domestic market (Yang Fan, an economist, has calculated that in the country there are approximately 20 million prostitutes, giving rise to around 6% of the Product GDP). For all others open the doors of the rich West.
The front door is Paris, where the girls arrive with tourist visas to aggregate groups that depart from China for tourism (this time "without adjectives") to the French capital. After a few weeks the team leader of the complaint, the embassy disappeared and at that point, the girls become ghosts, landing first in Turin and then being sorted out where necessary.
The Chinese market, however, has the distinction of providing two types of "service" defined according to nationality and wealth of the client: the girls are best reserved for Chinese and / or people from high wealth and portfolios full.
as it happens - we will see shortly - for the trafficking of Nigerian girls, even as China is run by women, often prostitutes (or ex-prostitutes) who climbed the top hierarchy of the organization.
the prostitution market, however, the Chinese also bind to double strand of the drug market (often used in encounters between the girl and the client), in particular, a drug that Italian investigators have begun to know his blitz from the Roman night club : K-fen, resulting from the synthetic drug ketamine being cut into granules that can be snorted or dissolved in any beverage.
- Nigeria: Between voodoo rites and Identification Centres and Expulsion
 |
| Isoke Aikpitanyi and Claudio Magnabosco |
If the Chinese market is the "new advancing" in the sex trade in Italy continues to have a important is the African, especially Nigerian.
The story of Joy we have got to know many: arrived in Italy with the illusion of job security (in a match with OndaRossa Radio said that it had been suggested a position as a hairdresser, that the same jobs they had in Nigeria ) were arrested in one of the many raids by the police and, clandestina, inviata al C.I.E. di via Corelli a Milano, subisce le “attenzioni” dell'ispettore Vittorio Addesso (assolto qualche giorno fa, come potete leggere qui:
http://senorbabylon.blogspot.com/2011/02/lo-stupro-non-e-un-reato-se-porti-una.html ) alle quali, a differenza di molte altre, decide di ribellarsi denunciando l'ispettore.
Ma Joy è solo una delle tante, tantissime ragazze che finiscono nelle mani del racket nigeriano.
Come per il racket cinese, anche il primo passo di questa tratta è costituito da un contratto: gli sfruttatori, partendo da villaggi poveri come le bidonville di Lagos o Benin City si offrono di aiutare le ragazze sostenendo per loro le spese per il viaggio in Europe. The "sponsor", ie the person who will be responsible for transferring the girl from Nigeria
Europe in many cases is usually a person worthy of trust of the family, which is often also called for a guarantee material (houses or land). When such security does not exist - because the family has neither houses nor land nor other assets - is used to the ritual of ju-ju, very similar to what we call "voodoo" and providing the event of some misfortune to the family if she will not pay the full debt. Usually the initial figure is well known by the latter, but often ignores the existence of costs add (board, lodging, etc.) that increase exponentially the amount of debt.
may sound strange to the ears "monocultural" Italian, but in Nigeria prostitution is not seen in negative terms, then become rich by exploiting a woman's body in this way is considered a person of worth and value. That's why in Italy waiting for the girls there is always a maman (or madame), which is a former prostitute who, having paid off its debt has moved "on the other side", from exploited to exploiter. But define it as "exploitative" oversimplify one of the founding figures of the architecture of Nigerian racket, as in China, sees women in key posts. It is in fact more like a "stepmother", but enjoys the esteem of the girls that are assigned because they viewed as a woman "who has done it."
is the maman, once you arrive in Italy, only to be representative of the girls. It would indeed be to her to be paid back the debt (between 10 000 and 15 000 €) which must be added - as we said - the additional costs as the "joint", the piece of sidewalk that is occupied by the girls whose cost is between 400 and 500 €.
The first girls to be brought into our country from Nigeria arrive in the '80s, with a boom between 1989 and 1994. Those same women today are often in charge of the business. Over the years, however, have changed both the demands of customers - today in fact we prefer to arrive in Italy still underage girls - that is, if in the years between the eighties and nineties, in fact, came directly from Nigeria in Rome, today's trip follows the route Nigeria-Russia-Switzerland-Italy, although it often happens that the girls are brought from Russia to Paris, Frankfurt or Amsterdam and then to arrive - often locked in the luggage of any car - in Turin, where he will take other destinations in the country. Lately - however, as demonstrated by Fabrizio Gatti's book "Bilal" - has also opened a pass in traffic that exploits illegal channels "usual" and that often involves the girls begin to prostitute themselves already in Libya.
Another of the many peculiarities of the racket is that the Nigerian contract at the start (in front of a figure similar to our lawyer) once extinct really free the girl, even if it is at this point that things get seriously complicated : difficulty in building a new and different life far from the stigma of society, difficulty in finding alternative work and fear of the opinion of family members (in addition to poverty) that puts the last people the choice to return to his home country, mean that the girls hardly get out of the loop.
The only real way out, therefore, remain the customers'
90% of Nigerian girls "- says Claudio Magnabosco, founder of the project" The Girl from Benin City "-"
out of the question thanks to the customer or former customer became a friend, boyfriend or husband ', just as has happened to Isoke Aikpitanyi, now wife of Claudius. "It would be enough to give us an opportunity
" - explains Isoke - '
a residence permit even short six months, look for a real job. In exchange for the documents, Instead, the authorities claim that someone denounces . The aim of the project they created, in fact, is exactly aware "consumers", transforming from resource to customers in a better life for girls.
- The east wind The structure of the racket of 'Eastern Europe
area is very simple: it was often her boyfriend to become a bridge between the country of origin and 'Italy with the promise - as usual - for a better life (the first step for the transfer was usually able to marry). Once in Italy, however, the mix between love and fear made it very difficult rebellion for girls. This also stems from the social structure of many of the countries of origin: in the case of Albania, for example, the woman is exercising a real property right, which is traversed by the father (and brothers) to her husband and where we can even to get exercise - code according to customary law kanun - the right to death on the girl. This
of property rights, however, is a story that still should sound familiar to us, given that until not long ago in our system there were things like "honor killing" or adultery as a crime only if understood to exercise was a woman.
The racket of this area is among those more rooted in our territory, where they are mostly members of the Albanian clans to manage trafficking (prostitution, weapons, drugs and illegal transport of the first items of income).
The routes from this area lead the girls on the sidewalk (in the premises or in massage parlors) Italians are numerous and have been changing over time: in a first stage - when the racket was mainly Albanian girls - a must before enter the boundaries of our own was, in fact, Albania. Today, with "opening" of the market also to girls of other nationalities (Romanian, Moldovan, Ukrainian and Russian at all), are brought into or landing on the old routes in the news told us years fa. Altre volte il tragitto non è così lineare, e le ragazze arrivano in Italia solo dopo lunghi e numerosi viaggi (ed altrettanto numerosi "passaggi di proprietà").
Il volume d'affari annuale oscilla tra i 2,2 ed i 5,6 miliardi di euro all'anno, soldi che in parte ritornano nel paese d'origine sia per essere reinvestiti in altri traffici sia per consolidare il potere dei clan attraverso l'ostentazione della ricchezza.
- il sodalizio calabro-albanese: «
Vi sembra che arrivano gli albanesi e si mettono a comandare? Ma scherziamo? La 'ndrangheta gli taglierebbe la testa subito. Loro sopravvivono e prosperano perché non sono truly autonomous "To say it is
Giuseppe Di Bella, sorry, in the book" Metastasis "by Gianluigi Nuzzi (the author of Vatican SpA) and Claudio Antonelli of Free.
that you may believe or not the usefulness of the phenomenon-repentant ", what is certain is that our criminal organizations do not like some competition, although the association between the 'Ndrangheta and the one that slowly became the fifth Italian Mafia seems to be a natural evolution in the diplomatic relations between the organizations. The structure of the Albanian mafia and the 'Ndrangheta in fact are very similar: the organization is horizontal and not top-down (absence of a "dome") in both cases and the clans that compose it are linked by blood ties. As for the 'Ndrangheta, however, even the Albanian mafia is based on extensive use of rituals and traditions. Being based on ties of blood, however, betray 'ndrina or clan repenting is equivalent to betraying her own family (thus losing the honor that is the basis of the franchisee).
But the association is not only related to structural issues. Since the 70s is in fact an active channel of choice between the 'Ndrangheta (and partly camorra) with the Albanian clans sharing of revenue for transport of prostitutes, drug and weapons from the Balkans, as determined by the investigation of 2005 named "Harem" revealed that the structure of holding a real criminal.
for an investigation on Chinese racket on the African or Eastern European area as a constant in the sex trade is on the market and minors.
- Sex and children: not only Ruby
There is no specific racket for trafficking children for sexual exploitation. We find cases in Latin America, Asia, Africa and the "civilized" Europe, even if the characteristic is compared to the transit routes so far analyzed is reversed: they are customers, through the practice of "tourism" sexual to go in the countries of origin and children.
Define exact figures is impossible, because in many cases, the ages are touched up or down as needed. There is talk, however, traffic that is around one million two hundred thousand children kidnapped, bought and sold for use both in the sex trade and for other illegal activities such as begging or trafficking in illegal adoptions and of organ . According to many researchers the turnover of sexual exploitation of children is, for criminal organizations, a voice even more profiqua of the drug market. ECPAT-Italy as a complaint, what a year is spent by governments to combat trafficking are equivalent to the traffickers can earn in a single afternoon. Besides, the turnover - according to data ECPAT - is terrifying: every year at least 600,000 people move each year for the sole purpose of having sex with minors. The only certainty is that come into the coffers of the exploiters for the traffic less than $ 5 billion a year.
The main forms of exploitation of child prostitution are two: the use in brothels - a method used mostly in areas of the Asian - or prostitution, continued in Latin America.
If the sex of the adults lead the way for the area are Eastern Europe and Nigeria (but, as we have seen, there is a strong thrust of Chinese criminal organizations), as regards the market for small business centers and Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal and Pakistan Thailand are the countries with the highest rate of sexual exploitation of children. Closely followed by Latin America, with the primacy that it is up to Brazil.
For these markets, the choice of children and is very selective: they have not completed primary school (more than half of us never even entered) and must undergo an average of between two and six sex per day (in 95% of cases are not protected). In our
country there are hundreds of children involved in this traffic, which still shows the hand of Albanian crime to monopolize the market. There are about 2,000 girls who form the army of baby-prostitutes. Minimum age 7 years (compared with 12 girls and Asian children).
In 2004 he submitted his first report on the implementation of Law 269 of 1998 (which equalized the sexual exploitation of minors to the enslavement): the increase in reported ranged from +600% to +1000%.
course this traffic - which is daily before our eyes - entering the media circuit only in very rare cases. But that's another story ...
